Who Is The Mathematician Stefan Banach That Google Doodle Is Celebrating?

Google Doodle is celebrating a Polish mathematician Stefan Banach today to mark the day influential academic became a professor.

Banach was born in Kraków, Poland in 1892 - then part of then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He never knew his mother, and his father sent him to be raised by family in the city.

He was deemed unfit for military service during World War 1 due to his poor eyesight, so he instead taught in local schools.

After publishing mathematical papers he worked on in his spare time, Banach received a job at Lvov Technical University. He was a mostly self-taught mathematician and professor.

According to our calculations, today's #GoogleDoodle is in celebration of mathematician Stefan Banach!

Learn more about why he is regarded as one of the most influential mathematicians of the 20th century → https://t.co/hYnUP3UZKB pic.twitter.com/QtHmxYb51e

— Google Doodles (@GoogleDoodles) July 21, 2022

Hugo Steinhaus, a distinguished mathematician, met and befriended a young Banach after overhearing them discussing new mathematic concepts. Steinhaus and Banach went on to become good friends and collaborate on groundbreaking work.

Steinhaus, an early founder of game and probability theory, referred to Banach as his “greatest scientific discovery.”

Alongside help from Steinhaus’ connections, Banach founded modern functional analysis, an entirely new branch of mathematics. Many concepts are named after him including Banach spaces, Banach algebra and the Banach-Steinhaus theorem.

Banach's work on modern functional analysis allowed him to become a professor at Lvov Technical University - in present day Lviv, Ukraine - a hundred years ago in 1922.

Throughout the twentieth century, he made major contributions to the theory of topological vector spaces, measure theory, integration, the theory of sets, orthogonal series and functional analysis, which is still studied and used today. 

After the takeover of the city by Nazi Germany in World War 2, all universities were closed. Banach, his son and colleagues all employed as lice-feeder for Rudolf Weigl's typhus research. A louse-feeder was a human sources of blood for lice infected with typhus, which were then used to research possible vaccines against the disease.

Working for Weigl, who saved and sheltered Jews, prevented Banach and his co-workers from being arrested and deported to a concentration camp.

The Red Army freed the city in 1944 and Banach returned to re-establish the university after the war.

However, The Soviet Union was removing Poles from the area, so Banach began planning his return to his home country.

He was soon after diagnosed with lung cancer and was allowed to stay in Lviv. He died in August 1945, aged 53.

The Google Doodle in his honour is seen in the UK, Sweden, Iceland, Germany, Poland, Greece, Bulgaria, Israel, Australia and New Zealand.