Uncontacted Amazon tribe at risk of being wiped out by common cold after encountering outsiders

An Indigenous tribe based in southeast Peru is under the possible threat of extinction after potential contact with outsiders.

The Mashco Piro, one of the largest uncontacted tribes in the world, tend to move along the Madre de Dios Territorial Reserve to avoid contact with the outside world.

Their violent history of clashing with intruders dates back to the late-19th-century rubber boom, with repeated raids and forced slavery.

In recent times, the 750-person group killed tour guide Nicolás 'Shaco' Flores in 2011, and at least one villager was killed during confrontations along the Manu River four years on. There were also clashes between Mashco Piro and loggers last year after two were reportedly killed in a bow-and-arrow attack.

Because the isolated community depends entirely on the forest for food and shelter, their existence is at risk from illegal logging and encroachment by outsiders.

And now, a report by Survival International last month stated that the tribe was 'dangerously close to resumed logging operations in their territory'.

The Mashco Piro are thought to be the largest uncontacted tribe in the world (Survival International)

As a result, they have been spotted near the Yine Indigenous community of Nueva Oceania in the Madre de Dios region - with a similar situation also occurring in July 2024.

“Exactly one year after the encounters and the deaths, nothing has changed in terms of land protection and the Yine are now reporting to have seen both the Mashco Piro and the loggers exactly in the same space almost at the same time,” said Teresa Mayo, a researcher at Survival International. “The clash could be imminent.”

Meanwhile, César Ipenza, a Peruvian environmental lawyer, said: "These Indigenous peoples are exposed and vulnerable to any type of contact or disease, yet extractive activities continue despite all the evidence of the problems they cause in the territory."

Alfredo Vargas Pio, president of local Indigenous organisation FENAMAD, had previously warned that if the Mashco Piro people interacted with outsiders, they could be 'wiped out' by an illness such as the common cold.

Any form of contact can expose them to diseases to which they have no immunity.

Their existence is under threat from logging (Survival International)

"The logging workers could bring in new diseases which would wipe out the Mashco Piro, and there's also a risk of violence on either side, so it's very important that the territorial rights of the Mashco Piro are recognised and protected in law," Pio said last year.

Following the deaths of the two loggers, Caroline Pearce, the executive director of Survival International, expressed a similar sentiment, adding: "By facilitating the logging and destruction of this rainforest, they’re not only endangering the very survival of the Mashco Piro people, who are incredibly vulnerable to epidemics of disease brought in by outsiders, but they’ve knowingly put the lives of the logging workers in danger."

Survival International, an organisation dedicated to defending Indigenous peoples, has warned that without stronger protections, the future of uncontacted tribes in the Amazon is uncertain.

Enrique Añez, president of the nearby Yine community, another Indigenous group, said: “It is very worrying.

“They are in danger. We can hear the engines. The isolated people are also hearing them.”