How to tell the difference between deadly Nipah virus and flu as airports introduce Covid-style measures

Update 28/01/26: Following publication of this article, the Indian government has clarified that there are only two confirmed cases of Nipah virus. It was previously stated there were five cases, but this was clarified following test results.

An outbreak of a deadly virus in India has sparked international concern, after at least five patients have been confirmed to have the Nipah virus in the state of West Bengal.

A number of protections have been put in place in a bid to prevent the spread of the disease, which in many cases can be fatal and currently has no known cure. Some airports across Asia, including Thailand, have started screening passengers travelling from West Bengal upon landing.

So far, all the reported cases are believed to be healthcare workers, with one patient now said to be in a critical condition.

Although experts have warned the virus has 'epidemic potential,' the chances of it reaching the likes of the UK are still considered to be low.

Five cases of Nipah virus have been reported in India (AFP via Getty Images)

What is the Nipah virus?

Nipah virus is a bat-borne pathogen transferred from animals to humans. Fruit bats are said to be among the most common hosts of the virus, as well as pigs. The disease can spread through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated food, or human-to-human contact.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that the mortality rate is estimated at 40 percent to 75 percent, and that the 'there is no treatment or vaccine available for either people or animals.'

Symptoms of the Nipah virus

One of the major concerns many people have is the fact that much of the symptoms related to Nipah virus can be confused with the common cold or flu — though it's important not to panic as Nipah virus still remains incredibly rare.

The virus has 'epidemic potential' (C. K Thanseer/DeFodi images via Getty Images)

According to the WHO: "Human infections range from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory infection (mild, severe), and fatal encephalitis."

Symptoms typically include 'fever, headaches, myalgia (muscle pain), vomiting and sore throat,' which can be followed by 'dizziness, drowsiness, altered consciousness, and neurological signs that indicate acute encephalitis'.

"Some people can also experience atypical pneumonia and severe respiratory problems, including acute respiratory distress," the WHO adds. "Encephalitis and seizures occur in severe cases, progressing to coma within 24 to 48 hours."

Difference between Nipah virus and common flu

While many of the initial symptoms are similar, the key difference is that influenza will start to see gradual improvement within three to five days of symptoms starting, however, Nipah virus will worsen rapidly within the first 24 to 48 hours.

The initial symptoms seem similar but that's where the similarities end (Getty Stock Images)

Meanwhile, Nipah virus is associated with a number of neurological symptoms which are not typically seen with the flu, including confusion and seizures which can lead to comas.

One of the most important things to note is geographical location too — if you have flu-like symptoms and have not travelled in or around India, the chances of it being Nipah virus are near zero. However, if you have symptoms and have travelled in this area, you should reach out to a medical professional and try to avoid mixing with others.

UK government travel advice

According to Gov.UK, there has never been any travel-associated cases of Nipah virus in the UK, with the main risk cited as the collection and consumption of raw or fermented date sap.

The government warns that anyone travelling to affected areas, particularly those with active outbreaks, 'should avoid contact with bats and their environments, and sick animals.'

The website states: "Consumption of raw or partially fermented date palm sap should be avoided. Wash fruit with clean water and avoid any fruit that has been partially eaten by animals or that may be contaminated."